{"id":933,"date":"2023-04-10T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/?p=933"},"modified":"2026-09-28T10:03:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-28T08:03:34","slug":"le-xerox-star-et-lapple-lisa-aux-sources-de-linterface-graphique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/2023\/04\/10\/le-xerox-star-et-lapple-lisa-aux-sources-de-linterface-graphique\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Xerox Star et l&#8217;Apple Lisa : aux sources de l&#8217;interface graphique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bureau, ic\u00f4nes, fen\u00eatres, menus : presque tout ce que nous voyons sur un \u00e9cran est n\u00e9 entre le Xerox PARC et Apple, au tournant des ann\u00e9es 1980. Trois regards sur ce moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La d\u00e9monstration finale du Xerox Star (1998)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Final Demonstration of the Xerox &amp;apos;Star&amp;apos; computer\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_OwG_rQ_Hqw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1998, le Computer History Museum r\u00e9unit les concepteurs du Star, le premier ordinateur commercial \u00e0 interface graphique (1981), pour une ultime d\u00e9monstration. Le contexte du Xerox PARC et de la bureautique de l&#8217;\u00e9poque, l&#8217;architecture du syst\u00e8me et de la machine \u00ab Dandelion \u00bb, puis la d\u00e9monstration de l&#8217;interface elle-m\u00eame et de ses principes : documents compos\u00e9s, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s des objets, coh\u00e9rence des commandes. Une archive rare, longue (2 h 20), \u00e0 prendre par chapitres (en anglais).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xerox Star contre Apple Lisa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"VCF East: Xerox Star vs. Apple Lisa\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pBiWtJJN5zk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au Vintage Computer Festival East 2020, Jason Perkins compare, machines \u00e0 l&#8217;appui, l&#8217;interface du Star \u00e0 celle de la Lisa : l&#8217;\u00e9dition d&#8217;un document, la souris, ce qu&#8217;Apple a repris et ce qu&#8217;elle a chang\u00e9 (en anglais).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L&#8217;\u00e9chec qui a chang\u00e9 Apple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside the flop that changed Apple forever\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pcYX-2uWwsk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Lisa, lanc\u00e9e en 1983, est rest\u00e9e comme un \u00e9chec commercial. Elle a pourtant pos\u00e9, avec Bill Atkinson, les bases de l&#8217;interface que le Macintosh allait rendre populaire l&#8217;ann\u00e9e suivante : la m\u00e9taphore du bureau, que la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle et les assistants conversationnels remettent aujourd&#8217;hui en question (en anglais).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voir aussi : <a href=\"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/?p=603\">Xerox PARC et le Star<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/?p=608\">Lisa : sabotage et enterrement secret<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Vid\u00e9os du Computer History Museum, du Vintage Computer Federation et de The Verge.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bureau, ic\u00f4nes, fen\u00eatres, menus : presque tout ce que nous voyons sur un \u00e9cran est n\u00e9 entre le Xerox PARC et Apple, au tournant des ann\u00e9es 1980. Trois regards sur ce moment. La d\u00e9monstration finale du Xerox Star (1998) En 1998, le Computer History Museum r\u00e9unit les concepteurs du Star, le premier ordinateur commercial \u00e0 interface graphique (1981), pour une ultime d\u00e9monstration. Le contexte du Xerox PARC et de la bureautique de l&#8217;\u00e9poque, l&#8217;architecture du syst\u00e8me et de la machine&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/2023\/04\/10\/le-xerox-star-et-lapple-lisa-aux-sources-de-linterface-graphique\/\"> Read More<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[373,244,263,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer-history-museum","category-memoire-de-linformatique","category-the-verge","category-theme-information-technologies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":944,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/933\/revisions\/944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/smalltalks.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}